The compensator shall be magnet damped, so that after the instrument has been set almost horizontal, the line of sight can be carefully leveled using the automatic compensation mechanism.ġ.4 Abney Levels A Topographic Abney Level is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm and a protractor scale. Good level instrument shall have property of automatic horizontal adjustment of the line of sight, an erect figure and a horizontal circle of 0 - 360° and large ribbed control buttons to simplify the adjustment of the instrument.
This eliminates the need for an assistant staff member as the operator holds the reflector and controls the total station from the observed point.ġ.3 Automatic level It is an instrument to take levels of any surface. Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from a distance via remote control. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read distances from the instrument to a particular point where an assistant staff holds reflector. When the telescope is pointed at a desired object, the angle of each of these axes can be measured with great precision, typically on the scale of arc seconds.ġ.2 Total Stations A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying. A modern theodolite consists of a movable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes-the horizontal or turn-on axis and the vertical axis. It is a key tool in surveying and engineering work, particularly on inaccessible ground. 02 11 32 50 61 73 81 89 103 111 119 131 132 144 148 151ġ.1 Theodolites A theodolite is an instrument for measuring both horizontal and vertical angles, as used in triangulation networks.
Chapter Surveying Equipment Earth Excavator Tipper (Dumper Truck) Dozer Equipment Vibratory Roller Grader Equipment Tunneling Equipment Lifting Equipment Sand Washing Equipment Concrete Mixer Concrete Batching and Mixing Plant Concrete Mixer Truck Concrete Pump Slipform Concrete Vibrator Hot Mix Plant/Asphalt Drum Mix Plant Page No. Research Designs And Standards Organisation, Lucknow – 226011 - 226011
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